International

What central banks can do when shocks come from outside

What central banks do in the face of outside shocks

External shocks—ranging from commodity-price spikes, wars, and pandemics to foreign monetary tightening and sudden stops of capital—pose immediate and diverse challenges for central banks. The appropr...

Investments and Business

Why is stakeholder capitalism changing reporting and disclosure expectations?

The growing importance of standardized reporting in stakeholder capitalism

Stakeholder capitalism represents an approach to value creation that broadens corporate duties beyond shareholders to encompass employees, customers, suppliers, communities, and the natural environment, acknowledging that sustainable success relies on managing impacts and relatio...